Vinegar Improves Insulin Sensitivity in Subjects Type 2 Diabetes
Effective in reducing postprandial glycemia and insulinemia.
The number of Americans with type 2 diabetes is expected to increase by 50% in the next 25 years; hence, the prevention of type 2 diabetes is an important objective. Recent large-scale trials (the Diabetes Prevention Program and STOP-NIDDM) have demonstrated that therapeutic agents used to improve insulin sensitivity in diabetes, metformin and acarbose, may also delay or prevent the onset of type 2 diabetes in high-risk populations. Interestingly, an early report showed that vinegar attenuated the glucose and insulin responses to a sucrose or starch load (1). In the present report, we assessed the effectiveness of vinegar in reducing postprandial glycemia and insulinemia in subjects with varying degrees of insulin sensitivity.
Our study included nondiabetic subjects who were either insulin sensitive (control subjects, n = 8) or insulin resistant (n = 11) and 10 subjects with type 2 diabetes. Subjects provided written informed consent and were not taking diabetes medications. Fasting subjects were randomly assigned to consume the vinegar (20 g apple cider vinegar, 40 g water, and 1 tsp saccharine) or placebo drink and, after a 2-min delay, the test meal, which was composed of a white bagel, butter, and orange juice (87 g total carbohydrates). The cross-over trial was conducted 1 week later. Blood samples were collected at fasting and 30 and 60 min postmeal for glucose and insulin analyses. Whole-body insulin sensitivity during the 60-min postmeal interval was estimated using a composite score.
Fasting glucose concentrations were elevated 55% in subjects with diabetes compared with the other subject groups (P < 0.01, Tukey’s post hoc test), and fasting insulin concentrations were elevated 95–115% in subjects with insulin resistance or type 2 diabetes compared with control subjects (P < 0.01). Compared with placebo, vinegar ingestion raised whole-body insulin sensitivity during the 60-min postmeal interval in insulin-resistant subjects (34%, P = 0.01, paired t test) and slightly improved this parameter in subjects with type 2 diabetes (19%, P = 0.07). Postprandial fluxes in insulin were significantly reduced by vinegar in control subjects, and postprandial fluxes in both glucose and insulin were significantly reduced in insulin-resistant subjects
These data indicate that vinegar can significantly improve postprandial insulin sensitivity in insulin-resistant subjects. Acetic acid has been shown to suppress disaccharidase activity and to raise glucose-6-phosphate concentrations in skeletal muscle; thus, vinegar may possess physiological effects similar to acarbose or metformin. Diabetes Care 27:281-282, 2004
Linda
__________________ dx pcos 1984, type II diabetes 2001, also hypertension
Met 2000mg since 2001, started Glucophage XR 4/22/04, then switched to Met ER 6/04; also: multi, Vit. C, Vit. E, B12/folic acid combo, fish oil & borage oil combo, garlic capsules, cinnamon, Vitex, calcium with magnesium/zinc, biotin, CoQ10, selenium,iron
Other meds: Verapamil and Altace(for blood pressure)
Started laser hair removal 7/29/03, completed 3/04 (it works!)
UAE for fibroid 3/24/03 and 3/16/04
Re: Study Shows that Vinegar May Work As Well As Metformin
Quote:
Originally posted by nobimbo Fasting subjects were randomly assigned to consume the vinegar (20 g apple cider vinegar, 40 g water, and 1 tsp saccharine)
The article (in the link I provided in the first post) came from the new Diabetes In Control newsletter, and it is hot off the press. I tried to google and see if I could come up with the actual study, but any link I found always came back to the DIC article, lol.
Thanks for the link to the conversion tool. Very cool
Linda
__________________ dx pcos 1984, type II diabetes 2001, also hypertension
Met 2000mg since 2001, started Glucophage XR 4/22/04, then switched to Met ER 6/04; also: multi, Vit. C, Vit. E, B12/folic acid combo, fish oil & borage oil combo, garlic capsules, cinnamon, Vitex, calcium with magnesium/zinc, biotin, CoQ10, selenium,iron
Other meds: Verapamil and Altace(for blood pressure)
Started laser hair removal 7/29/03, completed 3/04 (it works!)
UAE for fibroid 3/24/03 and 3/16/04
Okay, hate to put a dampener on something but I am a self confessed vinegar addict!
When I was younger and lived at home my Mum stopped buying the stuff because she thought I was eating unhealthy amounts so I used to buy it with my pocket money. She ended up caving in and just buying it in catering quantities instead. I do not lie!
I have swapped malt vinegar for cider vinegar and consume it every day. I have it on everything. I have cut down my consumption though; I used to buy a bottle a week and I have considerably less now!
My favourite after school snack when I was growing up was to take a thick slice of white bread and soak it in vinegar. When I used to have what I now know to be carb load "drunkeness" I never mentioned it to anyone because I was scared silly I had caused it with the vinegar! I know it sounds really weird.... I was convinced I was somehow addicted to the stuff. And it is what I crave when I am PMTing too! - an Uncle of mine used to nickname me Vinegar Strings!!!! OMG! I sound really freaky
Maybe I should try consuming my vinegar before my meals and see if it makes any difference! I enjoy it anyway ... and pickles! wow! I make sure I buy them without sugar in but I can eat a whole jar of pickled onions in one night (for any UK girls who are as old as me and used to watch On The Buses, I can do a mean impersonation of Olive sitting up in bed with a jar of pickled onions)
On an average day now I am having less I have 2-6 tablespoons of cider vinegar a day.
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Got to wean myself off that carb overload I've been having lately...... To view links or images in signatures your post count must be 0 or greater. You currently have 0 posts.
Dr. Agaston discusses in the South Beach Diet book how acidic foods such as vinegar can slow the digestion of food, thus lowering the glycemic index of meals:
Acidic foods such as lemon and vinegar slow the speed with which your stomach empties, therefore cutting back on the rise of blood sugar. You can dress salads or vegetables in both and enjoy the benefits.
And as we all know, apple cider vinegar has been touted as a weight loss aid for many years. This study just provided stronger empirical evidence in terms of vinegar's effect on insulin. And who knows, Maddy; maybe without all your years of vinegar consumption, you may have developed type II diabetes by now?
Linda
__________________ dx pcos 1984, type II diabetes 2001, also hypertension
Met 2000mg since 2001, started Glucophage XR 4/22/04, then switched to Met ER 6/04; also: multi, Vit. C, Vit. E, B12/folic acid combo, fish oil & borage oil combo, garlic capsules, cinnamon, Vitex, calcium with magnesium/zinc, biotin, CoQ10, selenium,iron
Other meds: Verapamil and Altace(for blood pressure)
Started laser hair removal 7/29/03, completed 3/04 (it works!)
UAE for fibroid 3/24/03 and 3/16/04
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me,age 32
dh, age 33
ds, Luke-10/30/02 (Gonal F/IUI)
Met ER 1500mg
Prenatals and extra Folic Acid
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To view links or images in signatures your post count must be 0 or greater. You currently have 0 posts. (Gonal F/IUI)EDD:11/11/04
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Claire(5#11oz) and Helen(4#14oz)
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October 30, 2002 My Sweetheart!!
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And to think I'd been trying so hard to cut out my "bad habit"!
You find some really interesting information Linda!!
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I found the following studies on the web of science search engine. Thought they might be of interest.
Brenda
Record 1 of 6
Author(s): Ichikawa, M; Ohta, M; Kanai, S; Yoshida, Y; Takano, S; Ueoka, T; Takahashi, T; Kimoto, K; Funakoshi, A; Miyasaka, K
Title: Bitter melon malt vinegar increases daily energy turnover in rats
Source: JOURNAL OF NUTRITIONAL SCIENCE AND VITAMINOLOGY, 49 (6): 428-433 DEC 2003
Abstract: Vinegar is generally believed to be good for health. A mash consisting of 35% ethanolic extract from bitter melon malt vinegar-water (8 : 50: 42) was subjected to further acetate fermentation and the resulting vinegar was converted to dried vinegar powder by spray drying after adsorption on dextrin, which was mixed with a commercial rat chow (CRF-1) in the ratio of 1 : 19 so as to prepare an experimental diet. Male 12-wk old rats of LETO and OLETF strains were fed this experimental diet in parallel with CRF-1 (control) and examined for respiratory quotient (RQ) and blood or plasma parameters associated with diabetes mellitus. Administration of the experimental diet increased daily food intake as well as daily energy expenditure in both strains. RQ significantly lessened in the vinegar diet-fed group of LETO strain, which was reflected not only in the increased energy consumption from fat but also in the decreased energy consumption from carbohydrate, while no significant difference was observed between both dietary groups of OLETF strain in this respect. The profiles of diurnal energy expenditure in both dietary groups of LETO strain exerted two peaks before lights-on and lights-off. Nevertheless, there was a clear difference between both dietary groups of OLETF strain; interestingly the reproduction of the two peaks became conspicuous in the vinegar diet-fed group despite the lack of such peaks in the control. As a consequence of blood or plasma inspection, it turned out that there was no change in HbA1c but a significant increase in plasma cholesterol in the vinegar diet-fed OLETF rats. From these results, a long-term administration of bitter melon malt vinegar can be expected to suppress a lowering of energy turnover inherent with aging and thereby improve anorexia rather than to bring about a preventive effect against the manifestation of NIDDM.
Publisher: CENTER ACADEMIC PUBL JAPAN
Publisher Address: 2-4-16 YAYOI, BUNKYO-KU, TOKYO, 113-0032, JAPAN
ISSN: 0301-4800
Record 2 of 6
Author(s): Sugiyama, M; Tang, AC; Wakaki, Y; Koyama, W
Title: Glycemic index of single and mixed meal foods among common Japanese foods with white rice as a reference food
Source: EUROPEAN JOURNAL OF CLINICAL NUTRITION, 57 (6): 743-752 JUN 2003
Abstract: Objective: The objectives were to examine the feasibility of using white rice as a reference food in the study of glycemic index (GI) and to examine the GI values of both single and mixed meal foods among rice species, processed rice products, beans, and dairy products.Design: Subjects were served with 50 g carbohydrate content of white rice at least two times (maximum three times) and test food once after separate overnight fasts. Capillary blood glucose measurements were carried out before and during 120 min after each food load.Setting: The study was carried out in an outpatient setting.Subjects: A total of 58 (38 females and 20 males) nondiseased subjects, mean aged 37 y and mean BMI 22 kg/m(2) were included.Result: The correlation between incremental area under curve of white rice and glucose was r = 0.853 (n = 10, P<0.0001) and white rice was considered suitable to be used as a reference food. Among mixed meal foods, the combination of carbohydrate foods with vinegar, dairy products, and bean products significantly decreased the GI value of white rice of 20-40%. The reduction of GI occurred whether the foods were taken together, before or after rice intake. GI of noodles such as udon, soba, and spaghetti showed low GI values.Conclusion: White rice could be used as a reference food in determining GI values of foods. A total of 32 single and mixed meal Japanese common food products were examined for their GI values.
Publisher: NATURE PUBLISHING GROUP
Publisher Address: MACMILLAN BUILDING, 4 CRINAN ST, LONDON N1 9XW, ENGLAND
ISSN: 0954-3007
Record 3 of 6
Author(s): Ostman, EM; Nilsson, M; Elmstahl, HGML; Molin, G; Bjorck, IME
Title: On the effect of lactic acid on blood glucose and insulin responses to cereal products: Mechanistic studies in healthy subjects and in vitro
Source: JOURNAL OF CEREAL SCIENCE, 36 (3): 339-346 NOV 2002
Abstract: It has been observed that bread containing lactic acid produced during the sourdough fermentation or added directly, has the ability to lower the postprandial glucose and insulin responses in humans. The main objective of the present work was to evaluate the possible mechanisms for a lowered glucose response to bread containing lactic acid, and to determine whether the same phenomenon also occurs when lactic acid is added to other cereal products. The rate of starch hydrolysis in bread and bread-like products was studied using an in vitro enzymatic approach. In addition, blood glucose and insulin responses to different lactic acid fermented barley gruels were evaluated in healthy subjects. It was concluded that the inclusion of lactic acid in bread reduces the rate of starch digestion by creating interactions between the gluten and starch. The presence of lactic acid during starch gelatinisation appeared to be a prerequisite for a reduced starch bioavailability. No effect of lactic acid was seen in gruels where the acid was formed after heat-treatment. (C) 2002 Published by Elsevier Science Ltd.
Publisher: ACADEMIC PRESS LTD ELSEVIER SCIENCE LTD
Publisher Address: 24-28 OVAL RD, LONDON NW1 7DX, ENGLAND
ISSN: 0733-5210
Record 4 of 6
Author(s): Fushimi, T; Tayama, K; Fukaya, M; Kitakoshi, K; Nakai, N; Tsukamoto, Y; Sato, Y
Title: The efficacy of acetic acid for glycogen repletion in rat skeletal muscle after exercise
Source: INTERNATIONAL JOURNAL OF SPORTS MEDICINE, 23 (3): 218-222 APR 2002
Abstract: We examined the effect of acetic acid, the main component of vinegar, on glycogen repletion by using swimming-exercised rats. Rats were trained for 7 days by swimming. After an overnight fast, they were subjected to a 2-hr swimming exercise. Immediately after-ward, they were given by gavage 2 ml of one of the following solutions: 30% glucose only or 30% glucose with 0.4% acetic acid. Rats were sacrificed by decapitation before, immediately after exercise and 2 hours after the feeding. Exercise significantly decreased soleus and gastrocnemius glycogen content, and feeding significantly increased liver, soleus and gastrocnemius glycogen content. In soleus muscle, acetate feeding significantly increased glycogen content and the ratio of glycogen synthase in the I form (means SEM: 4.04 +/- 0.41 mg/g-tissue and 47.0 +/- 0.7%, respectively) in contrast to no acetate feeding (3.04 +/- 0.29 mg/g-tissue and 38.1 +/- 3.4 %, respectively). Thus, these findings suggest that the feeding of glucose with acetic acid can more speedily accelerate glycogen repletion in skeletal muscle than can glucose only.
Publisher: GEORG THIEME VERLAG KG
Publisher Address: RUDIGERSTR 14, D-70469 STUTTGART, GERMANY
ISSN: 0172-4622
Record 5 of 6
Author(s): Liljeberg, H; Bjorck, I
Title: Delayed gastric emptying rate may explain improved glycaemia in healthy subjects to a starchy meal with added vinegar
Source: EUROPEAN JOURNAL OF CLINICAL NUTRITION, 52 (5): 368-371 MAY 1998
Abstract: Objectives: The aim of the study was to evaluate the possible influence of acetic acid (administered as vinegar) on the postprandial glucose and insulin responses, and the potential involvement of a modified gastric emptying rate was studied by use of paracetamol as a marker.Design: The white bread reference meal as well as the corresponding meal supplemented with vinegar had the same content of starch, protein and fat. The meals were served in the morning after an over-night fast and in random order. Capillary blood samples for analysis of glucose, insulin and paracetamol were collected postprandially.Setting: The study was performed at the Department of Applied Nutrition and Food Chemistry, Lund University, Sweden.Subjects: Ten healthy volunteers, seven women and three men, aged 22-51y, with normal body mass indices were recruited.Results: The presence of acetic acid, given as vinegar, significantly reduced the postprandial glucose (GI = 64) and insulin responses (II = 65) to a starchy meal. As judged from lowered paracetamol levels after the test meal with vinegar, the mechanism is probably a delayed gastric emptying rate.Conclusions: Fermented foods or food products with added organic acids should preferably be included in the diet in order to reduce glycaemia and insulin demand.Sponsorship: Cerealia Foundation for Research and Development (project no. 232).
Publisher: STOCKTON PRESS
Publisher Address: HOUNDMILLS, BASINGSTOKE RG21 6XS, HAMPSHIRE, ENGLAND
ISSN: 0954-3007
Record 6 of 6
Author(s): EBIHARA, K; NAKAJIMA, A
Title: EFFECT OF ACETIC-ACID AND VINEGAR ON BLOOD-GLUCOSE AND INSULIN RESPONSES TO ORALLY-ADMINISTERED SUCROSE AND STARCH
Source: AGRICULTURAL AND BIOLOGICAL CHEMISTRY, 52 (5): 1311-1312 MAY 1988
Publisher: JAPAN SOC BIOSCI BIOTECHN AGROCHEM
Publisher Address: JAPAN ACAD SOC CTR BLDG, 2-4-6 YAYOI BUNKYO-KU, TOKYO 113, JAPAN
ISSN: 0002-1369
Wow! This is a very interesting thread! Who knew that vinegar could be so good for you! I wonder if I there are any apple cider vinegar tablets out there instead of taking 4 tablespoons of it before meals....yuukk! lolll I'm currently taking Glucorell, chromium and other insulin sensitizing supplements as a preventive measure but they are costing me a fortune!! I guess it would be much more economical to just have to take vinegar but the problem is if you have to take it in liquid form, it's a bit inconveniant to carry it around with you at friend's houses or restaurants.
Since acetic acid seems to be the main component in vinegar that benefits insulin resistance, then maybe a company could develop a super concentrate of acetic acid in a pill?
I get vinegar in pickles and pickled veggies (love 'em!). Mount Olive makes no sugar added, sweetened with Splenda bread and butter pickles as well as sweet pickle relish that is really great!
Linda
__________________ dx pcos 1984, type II diabetes 2001, also hypertension
Met 2000mg since 2001, started Glucophage XR 4/22/04, then switched to Met ER 6/04; also: multi, Vit. C, Vit. E, B12/folic acid combo, fish oil & borage oil combo, garlic capsules, cinnamon, Vitex, calcium with magnesium/zinc, biotin, CoQ10, selenium,iron
Other meds: Verapamil and Altace(for blood pressure)
Started laser hair removal 7/29/03, completed 3/04 (it works!)
UAE for fibroid 3/24/03 and 3/16/04
Study Shows that Vinegar May Work As Well As Metformin 
... and pickles! wow! I make sure I buy them without sugar in but I can eat a whole jar of pickled onions in one night (for any UK girls who are as old as me and used to watch On The Buses, I can do a mean impersonation of Olive sitting up in bed with a jar of pickled onions)
more vinegar and insulin studies 
